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description: "Expert AFC compliance research and financial crime insights. Access cutting-edge analysis and practical guidance. Explore now."
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<div style="background:#fff3cd;border:1px solid #ffeeba;padding:1rem;margin-bottom:2rem;font-size:0.9rem;white-space:pre-wrap;">
    <strong>RESEARCH DEBUG</strong>
    page.url: /pages/research/
    site.scholar.size: 60
    debug_all_scholar.size: 60
    debug_unfeatured_scholar.size: 55

    <strong>ALL SCHOLAR ITEMS:</strong>
    
    - title: Open Ownership ¦ Research Symposium Synthesis Report: Evidence and Impact of Beneficial Ownership Transparency
    path: _scholar/2026/04/2026-04-07-Research-Open-Ownership-Research-Symposium-Synthesis-Report.md
    url: /scholar/2026/04/2026-04-07-Research-Open-Ownership-Research-Symposium-Synthesis-Report/
    date: 2026-04-07 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: true
    hide: false
    
    - title: Recurrence, Scale, and Risk-Based Monitoring in Money Laundering: Temporal Displacement under Cumulative Enforcement
    path: _scholar/2026/04/2026-04-07-Research-Recurrence-Scale-and-Risk-Based-Monitoring-in-ML.md
    url: /scholar/2026/04/2026-04-07-Research-Recurrence-Scale-and-Risk-Based-Monitoring-in-ML/
    date: 2026-04-07 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: true
    hide: false
    
    - title: Hidden Ownership in Suspicious Transactions - Experimental Evidence on AML Reporting Priorities in Norway
    path: _scholar/2026/03/2026-03-28-Research-Hidden-Ownership-in-Suspicious-Transactions.md
    url: /scholar/2026/03/2026-03-28-Research-Hidden-Ownership-in-Suspicious-Transactions/
    date: 2026-03-28 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: true
    hide: false
    
    - title: EJRR ¦ Governing Money Laundering as a Collective-Action Problem: The AMLA
    path: _scholar/2026/03/2026-03-24-Research-Governing-ML-as-a-Collective-Action-Problem.md
    url: /scholar/2026/03/2026-03-24-Research-Governing-ML-as-a-Collective-Action-Problem/
    date: 2026-03-24 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: true
    hide: false
    
    - title: trigeko ¦ Study on Transnational ML Flows: Is Germany an Attractive Destination?
    path: _scholar/2026/03/2026-03-20-trigeko-Transnational-ML-Flows-Involving-Germany.md
    url: /scholar/2026/03/2026-03-20-trigeko-Transnational-ML-Flows-Involving-Germany/
    date: 2026-03-20 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Fraud Detection Framework for Blockchain Finance: Tackling Arbitrage, Liquidity Exploits, and Money Laundering
    path: _scholar/2026/03/2026-03-16-Research-Fraud-Detection-Framework-for-Blockchain-Finance.md
    url: /scholar/2026/03/2026-03-16-Research-Fraud-Detection-Framework-for-Blockchain-Finance/
    date: 2026-03-16 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: IJARBM ¦ Exploring Trade-Based Money Laundering Research: A Bibliometric Review
    path: _scholar/2026/03/2026-03-12-Research-Exploring-TBML-Research.md
    url: /scholar/2026/03/2026-03-12-Research-Exploring-TBML-Research/
    date: 2026-03-12 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: BIS ¦ From Cash to Crypto: Towards a Consistent Regulatory Approach to Illicit Payments
    path: _scholar/2026/03/2026-03-03-BIS-From-Cash-to-Crypto.md
    url: /scholar/2026/03/2026-03-03-BIS-From-Cash-to-Crypto/
    date: 2026-03-03 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Evolutionary Fraud, the Global Scamming Ecosystem and a Typology of Actors
    path: _scholar/2026/02/2026-02-25-Research-Evolutionary-Fraud.md
    url: /scholar/2026/02/2026-02-25-Research-Evolutionary-Fraud/
    date: 2026-02-25 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Political Stability and Money Laundering Risk
    path: _scholar/2026/02/2026-02-23-Research-Political-Stability-and-Money-Laundering-Risk.md
    url: /scholar/2026/02/2026-02-23-Research-Political-Stability-and-Money-Laundering-Risk/
    date: 2026-02-23 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Terrorist Financing in the Age of Large Language Models
    path: _scholar/2026/02/2026-02-10-Research-CRAAFT-TF-in-the-Age-of-LLMs.md
    url: /scholar/2026/02/2026-02-10-Research-CRAAFT-TF-in-the-Age-of-LLMs/
    date: 2026-02-10 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Accounting Scripts and the Politics of Compliance: Understanding Accountants’ Roles in AML through Sentiment and Script Theory
    path: _scholar/2026/02/2026-02-03-Research-Accounting-Scripts-and-the-Politics-of-Compliance.md
    url: /scholar/2026/02/2026-02-03-Research-Accounting-Scripts-and-the-Politics-of-Compliance/
    date: 2026-02-03 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Hybrid Deep Learning for AML: Unsupervised Detection of Emerging Schemes via Feature Fusion and Explainable Artificial Intelligence
    path: _scholar/2026/01/2026-01-30-Research-Hybrid-Deep-Learning-for-Anti-Money-Laundering.md
    url: /scholar/2026/01/2026-01-30-Research-Hybrid-Deep-Learning-for-Anti-Money-Laundering/
    date: 2026-01-30 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Complementarity, Tension and Proportionality in the Anti-Money Laundering Regulation of Law Firm Client Accounts
    path: _scholar/2026/01/2026-01-26-Research-AML-Regulation-of-Law-Firm-Client-Accounts.md
    url: /scholar/2026/01/2026-01-26-Research-AML-Regulation-of-Law-Firm-Client-Accounts/
    date: 2026-01-26 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Detecting Illicit Transactions in Bitcoin: A Wavelet-Temporal Graph Transformer Approach for Anti-Money Laundering
    path: _scholar/2026/01/2026-01-13-Research-Detecting-Illicit-Transactions-in-Bitcoin.md
    url: /scholar/2026/01/2026-01-13-Research-Detecting-Illicit-Transactions-in-Bitcoin/
    date: 2026-01-13 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Time-Domain-Multiplexed Gaussian Boson Sampling for Graph Problems in Finance
    path: _scholar/2025/12/2025-12-23-Research-Time-domain-multiplexed-Gaussian-Boson-Sampling.md
    url: /scholar/2025/12/2025-12-23-Research-Time-domain-multiplexed-Gaussian-Boson-Sampling/
    date: 2025-12-23 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Federated Learning Architectures for Privacy Preserving Financial Fraud Detection Systems
    path: _scholar/2025/12/2025-12-22-Research-Federated-Learning-Architectures.md
    url: /scholar/2025/12/2025-12-22-Research-Federated-Learning-Architectures/
    date: 2025-12-22 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Invisible Markets, Visible Weaknesses
    path: _scholar/2025/12/2025-12-18-Research-Invisible-Markets-Visible-Weaknesses.md
    url: /scholar/2025/12/2025-12-18-Research-Invisible-Markets-Visible-Weaknesses/
    date: 2025-12-18 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Accounting for the Cartel
    path: _scholar/2025/12/2025-12-02-Research-Accounting-for-the-Cartel.md
    url: /scholar/2025/12/2025-12-02-Research-Accounting-for-the-Cartel/
    date: 2025-12-02 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Harmonisation of the Albanian Anti-Money Laundering Law with the EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive: Challenges and Perspectives
    path: _scholar/2025/12/2025-12-01-Research-Harmonisation-of-the-Albanian-AML-Law.md
    url: /scholar/2025/12/2025-12-01-Research-Harmonisation-of-the-Albanian-AML-Law/
    date: 2025-12-01 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Strategic Choices in Money Laundering: Smurfing, Layering, and Financial Over-Diversification
    path: _scholar/2025/11/2025-11-23-Research-Strategic-Choices-in-Money-Laundering.md
    url: /scholar/2025/11/2025-11-23-Research-Strategic-Choices-in-Money-Laundering/
    date: 2025-11-23 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Behaviourist Approach as the Need to Use Methods Based on Recognising Customer Behaviour in Support of the AML/CFT System
    path: _scholar/2025/11/2025-11-21-Research-Behaviourist-Approach.md
    url: /scholar/2025/11/2025-11-21-Research-Behaviourist-Approach/
    date: 2025-11-21 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Have Financial Sanctions Lost Their Bite Due to Emerging Alternative Financial Practices in Global Trade?
    path: _scholar/2025/11/2025-11-10-Research-Have-Financial-Sanctions-Lost-Their-Bite.md
    url: /scholar/2025/11/2025-11-10-Research-Have-Financial-Sanctions-Lost-Their-Bite/
    date: 2025-11-10 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Federated Data Governance for AML using Data Warehousing and AI
    path: _scholar/2025/09/2025-09-18-Research-Federated-Data-Governance.md
    url: /scholar/2025/09/2025-09-18-Research-Federated-Data-Governance/
    date: 2025-09-18 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: AMLNet: A Knowledge-Based Multi-Agent Framework
    path: _scholar/2025/09/2025-09-15-Research-AMLNet.md
    url: /scholar/2025/09/2025-09-15-Research-AMLNet/
    date: 2025-09-15 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Multimodal Anti Fraud Education improves Cognitive Emotional and Behavioral Engagement in Older Adults
    path: _scholar/2025/08/2025-08-11-Research-Multimodal-Anti-Fraud-Education.md
    url: /scholar/2025/08/2025-08-11-Research-Multimodal-Anti-Fraud-Education/
    date: 2025-08-11 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: AI Driven Fraud Detection Models in Financial Networks: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
    path: _scholar/2025/08/2025-08-05-Research-AI-Fraud-Detection-Models.md
    url: /scholar/2025/08/2025-08-05-Research-AI-Fraud-Detection-Models/
    date: 2025-08-05 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Linguistic Mechanisms of Knowledge-Exchange in a Dark-Web Money Laundering Forum
    path: _scholar/2025/08/2025-08-05-Research-Linguistic-Mechanisms-Dark-Web.md
    url: /scholar/2025/08/2025-08-05-Research-Linguistic-Mechanisms-Dark-Web/
    date: 2025-08-05 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Money Laundering and Related Scams: Trends, Influences, and Research Gaps
    path: _scholar/2025/07/2025-07-30-Research-Analysis-ML-Related-Scams.md
    url: /scholar/2025/07/2025-07-30-Research-Analysis-ML-Related-Scams/
    date: 2025-07-30 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Managing the Conflict Between AML and Financial Inclusion
    path: _scholar/2025/07/2025-07-30-Research-AML-Financial-Inclusion.md
    url: /scholar/2025/07/2025-07-30-Research-AML-Financial-Inclusion/
    date: 2025-07-30 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Harmonisation of the Beneficial Ownership Registers in European Union
    path: _scholar/2025/07/2025-07-29-Research-Harmonisation-BO-registers-in-EU.md
    url: /scholar/2025/07/2025-07-29-Research-Harmonisation-BO-registers-in-EU/
    date: 2025-07-29 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Assessing Terrorist Use of Virtual Asset Intermediaries
    path: _scholar/2025/07/2025-07-14-Research-CRAAFT-Terrorist-Use-of-VA-Intermediaries.md
    url: /scholar/2025/07/2025-07-14-Research-CRAAFT-Terrorist-Use-of-VA-Intermediaries/
    date: 2025-07-14 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: The Proposed Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA) and the Future of FIU Collaboration in Europe
    path: _scholar/2025/06/2025-06-17-Research-AMLA-and-the-Future-of-FIU-Collaboration.md
    url: /scholar/2025/06/2025-06-17-Research-AMLA-and-the-Future-of-FIU-Collaboration/
    date: 2025-06-17 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Understanding the term 'Terrorism'
    path: _scholar/2025/06/2025-06-03-Research-Defining-Terrorism.md
    url: /scholar/2025/06/2025-06-03-Research-Defining-Terrorism/
    date: 2025-06-03 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Organized Crime and Banks: Assessing the Effects of Anti-Mafia Police Actions on Lending
    path: _scholar/2025/05/2025-05-30-Research-Working-Paper-Organized-Crime-and-Banks.md
    url: /scholar/2025/05/2025-05-30-Research-Working-Paper-Organized-Crime-and-Banks/
    date: 2025-05-30 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Benefits from AI in Money Laundering in Europe
    path: _scholar/2025/05/2025-05-28-Research-Benefits-AI-ML.md
    url: /scholar/2025/05/2025-05-28-Research-Benefits-AI-ML/
    date: 2025-05-28 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Virtual Threats: Terrorist Financing via Online Gaming
    path: _scholar/2025/05/2025-05-08-Research-CRAAFT-Virtual-Threats-TF-via-Online-Gaming.md
    url: /scholar/2025/05/2025-05-08-Research-CRAAFT-Virtual-Threats-TF-via-Online-Gaming/
    date: 2025-05-08 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: WeirdFlows: Anomaly Detection in Financial Transaction Flows
    path: _scholar/2025/04/2025-04-01-Research-Anomaly-Detection-in-Financial-Transactions.md
    url: /scholar/2025/04/2025-04-01-Research-Anomaly-Detection-in-Financial-Transactions/
    date: 2025-04-01 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Sensitive Research & Anti-Money Laundering: a Possible Marriage of Convenience?
    path: _scholar/2025/03/2025-03-24-Research-Sensitive-Research-and-AML.md
    url: /scholar/2025/03/2025-03-24-Research-Sensitive-Research-and-AML/
    date: 2025-03-24 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Police Investigations Into Financial-Economic Cybercriminal Networks: The Experiences and Perceptions of Dutch Law Enforcement
    path: _scholar/2025/03/2025-03-20-Research-Police-Investigations-Cybercriminal-Networks.md
    url: /scholar/2025/03/2025-03-20-Research-Police-Investigations-Cybercriminal-Networks/
    date: 2025-03-20 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: The Ghost in the Machine: Counterterrorism in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
    path: _scholar/2025/03/2025-03-06-Research-CT-in-the-Age-of-AI.md
    url: /scholar/2025/03/2025-03-06-Research-CT-in-the-Age-of-AI/
    date: 2025-03-06 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Which Money to Follow? Evaluating Country-Specific Vulnerabilities to Illicit Financial Flows
    path: _scholar/2025/03/2025-03-05-Research-Evaluating-Country-Specific-Vulnerabilities.md
    url: /scholar/2025/03/2025-03-05-Research-Evaluating-Country-Specific-Vulnerabilities/
    date: 2025-03-05 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Combating Financial Crimes: How are Crypto-Asset Providers navigating Regulatory Challenges?
    path: _scholar/2025/02/2025-02-26-Research-Combating-Financial-Crimes-CASPs.md
    url: /scholar/2025/02/2025-02-26-Research-Combating-Financial-Crimes-CASPs/
    date: 2025-02-26 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Digital Money Laundering – Threats and EU Regulatory Reform
    path: _scholar/2025/02/2025-02-18-Research-Working-Paper-Digital-ML.md
    url: /scholar/2025/02/2025-02-18-Research-Working-Paper-Digital-ML/
    date: 2025-02-18 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: EY/IIF ¦ Global Risk Management Survey 2025
    path: _scholar/2025/02/2025-02-18-EY-IIF-RM-Survey.md
    url: /scholar/2025/02/2025-02-18-EY-IIF-RM-Survey/
    date: 2025-02-18 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: true
    
    - title: The Shadow of the Financial Crisis: Socio‑Economic and Welfare Policy Development and Fear of Crime in Europe. A Random Effects Within‑Between Model Analysis of the European Social Survey, 2002–2018
    path: _scholar/2025/02/2025-02-05-Research-Shadow-of-Financial-Crisis.md
    url: /scholar/2025/02/2025-02-05-Research-Shadow-of-Financial-Crisis/
    date: 2025-02-05 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: The New EU Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism: A Paradigm Shift in EU Efforts to Combat Terrorist Financing?
    path: _scholar/2025/02/2025-02-04-Research-The-New-EU-Authority-for-AML-and-CFT.md
    url: /scholar/2025/02/2025-02-04-Research-The-New-EU-Authority-for-AML-and-CFT/
    date: 2025-02-04 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: An Anti-Money Laundering Authority for the European Union: a New Center of Gravity in AML Enforcement
    path: _scholar/2025/01/2025-01-31-Research-An-Anti-ML-Authority-for-the-EU.md
    url: /scholar/2025/01/2025-01-31-Research-An-Anti-ML-Authority-for-the-EU/
    date: 2025-01-31 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: A European Anti-Money Laundering Supervisory Authority: Perspectives and Challenges
    path: _scholar/2025/01/2025-01-21-Research-AMLA-Perspectives-and-Challenges.md
    url: /scholar/2025/01/2025-01-21-Research-AMLA-Perspectives-and-Challenges/
    date: 2025-01-21 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Examining Fifty Cases of Convicted Online Romance Fraud Offenders
    path: _scholar/2024/12/2024-12-04-Research-Online-Romance-Fraud-Offenders.md
    url: /scholar/2024/12/2024-12-04-Research-Online-Romance-Fraud-Offenders/
    date: 2024-12-04 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: The European Public Prosecutor’s Office and Environmental Crime ¦ Further Competence in the Near Future?
    path: _scholar/2024/11/2024-11-27-Research-EPPO-and-Environmental-Crime.md
    url: /scholar/2024/11/2024-11-27-Research-EPPO-and-Environmental-Crime/
    date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Identifying Money Laundering Risk Indicators: Evidence from Bulgaria
    path: _scholar/2024/10/2024-10-25-Research-Identifying-ML-Risk-Indicators.md
    url: /scholar/2024/10/2024-10-25-Research-Identifying-ML-Risk-Indicators/
    date: 2024-10-25 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: ERA Forum ¦ An Anti-Money Laundering Authority for the European Union: A New Center of Gravity in AML Enforcement
    path: _scholar/2024/09/2024-09-30-Research-An-AML-Authority-for-the-EU.md
    url: /scholar/2024/09/2024-09-30-Research-An-AML-Authority-for-the-EU/
    date: 2024-09-30 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: How do Ivorian Cyberfraudsters Manage Their Criminal Proceeds?
    path: _scholar/2024/09/2024-09-24-Research-Ivorian-Cyberfraudsters-Manage-Criminal-Proceeds.md
    url: /scholar/2024/09/2024-09-24-Research-Ivorian-Cyberfraudsters-Manage-Criminal-Proceeds/
    date: 2024-09-24 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Assessing the Impact of Sanctions in the Crypto Ecosystem: Effective Measures or Ineffective Deterrents?
    path: _scholar/2024/09/2024-09-16-Research-Impact-of-Sanctions-in-Crypto.md
    url: /scholar/2024/09/2024-09-16-Research-Impact-of-Sanctions-in-Crypto/
    date: 2024-09-16 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Using Technological Innovations to Prevent and Combat Economic Crime
    path: _scholar/2024/09/2024-09-01-Research-Using-Technological-Innovations.md
    url: /scholar/2024/09/2024-09-01-Research-Using-Technological-Innovations/
    date: 2024-09-01 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: A Risk-Based AML Framework: Finding Associates Through Ultimate Beneficial Owners
    path: _scholar/2024/07/2024-07-30-Research-A-Risk-Based-AML-Framework.md
    url: /scholar/2024/07/2024-07-30-Research-A-Risk-Based-AML-Framework/
    date: 2024-07-30 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Financial Extremism: The Dark Side of Crowdfunding and Terrorism
    path: _scholar/2024/07/2024-07-17-Research-Crowdfunding-and-Terrorism.md
    url: /scholar/2024/07/2024-07-17-Research-Crowdfunding-and-Terrorism/
    date: 2024-07-17 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Lawyers as Money Laundering Enablers? An Evolving and Contentious Relationship
    path: _scholar/2022/07/2022-07-22-Research-Lawyers-as-ML-Enablers.md
    url: /scholar/2022/07/2022-07-22-Research-Lawyers-as-ML-Enablers/
    date: 2022-07-22 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Anti-money laundering: The World's Least Effective Policy Experiment? Together, we can fix it
    path: _scholar/2020/02/2020-02-25-Research-AML-least-effective-policy-experiment.md
    url: /scholar/2020/02/2020-02-25-Research-AML-least-effective-policy-experiment/
    date: 2020-02-25 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    

    <strong>UNFEATURED + NOT HIDDEN SCHOLAR ITEMS:</strong>
    
    - title: trigeko ¦ Study on Transnational ML Flows: Is Germany an Attractive Destination?
    path: _scholar/2026/03/2026-03-20-trigeko-Transnational-ML-Flows-Involving-Germany.md
    url: /scholar/2026/03/2026-03-20-trigeko-Transnational-ML-Flows-Involving-Germany/
    date: 2026-03-20 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
    hide: false
    
    - title: Fraud Detection Framework for Blockchain Finance: Tackling Arbitrage, Liquidity Exploits, and Money Laundering
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    date: 2026-03-16 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: IJARBM ¦ Exploring Trade-Based Money Laundering Research: A Bibliometric Review
    path: _scholar/2026/03/2026-03-12-Research-Exploring-TBML-Research.md
    url: /scholar/2026/03/2026-03-12-Research-Exploring-TBML-Research/
    date: 2026-03-12 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: BIS ¦ From Cash to Crypto: Towards a Consistent Regulatory Approach to Illicit Payments
    path: _scholar/2026/03/2026-03-03-BIS-From-Cash-to-Crypto.md
    url: /scholar/2026/03/2026-03-03-BIS-From-Cash-to-Crypto/
    date: 2026-03-03 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Evolutionary Fraud, the Global Scamming Ecosystem and a Typology of Actors
    path: _scholar/2026/02/2026-02-25-Research-Evolutionary-Fraud.md
    url: /scholar/2026/02/2026-02-25-Research-Evolutionary-Fraud/
    date: 2026-02-25 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Political Stability and Money Laundering Risk
    path: _scholar/2026/02/2026-02-23-Research-Political-Stability-and-Money-Laundering-Risk.md
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    date: 2026-02-23 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Terrorist Financing in the Age of Large Language Models
    path: _scholar/2026/02/2026-02-10-Research-CRAAFT-TF-in-the-Age-of-LLMs.md
    url: /scholar/2026/02/2026-02-10-Research-CRAAFT-TF-in-the-Age-of-LLMs/
    date: 2026-02-10 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Accounting Scripts and the Politics of Compliance: Understanding Accountants’ Roles in AML through Sentiment and Script Theory
    path: _scholar/2026/02/2026-02-03-Research-Accounting-Scripts-and-the-Politics-of-Compliance.md
    url: /scholar/2026/02/2026-02-03-Research-Accounting-Scripts-and-the-Politics-of-Compliance/
    date: 2026-02-03 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Hybrid Deep Learning for AML: Unsupervised Detection of Emerging Schemes via Feature Fusion and Explainable Artificial Intelligence
    path: _scholar/2026/01/2026-01-30-Research-Hybrid-Deep-Learning-for-Anti-Money-Laundering.md
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    date: 2026-01-30 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Complementarity, Tension and Proportionality in the Anti-Money Laundering Regulation of Law Firm Client Accounts
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    date: 2026-01-26 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: Detecting Illicit Transactions in Bitcoin: A Wavelet-Temporal Graph Transformer Approach for Anti-Money Laundering
    path: _scholar/2026/01/2026-01-13-Research-Detecting-Illicit-Transactions-in-Bitcoin.md
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    date: 2026-01-13 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Time-Domain-Multiplexed Gaussian Boson Sampling for Graph Problems in Finance
    path: _scholar/2025/12/2025-12-23-Research-Time-domain-multiplexed-Gaussian-Boson-Sampling.md
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    date: 2025-12-23 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Federated Learning Architectures for Privacy Preserving Financial Fraud Detection Systems
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    date: 2025-12-22 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Invisible Markets, Visible Weaknesses
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    date: 2025-12-18 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Accounting for the Cartel
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    date: 2025-12-02 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Harmonisation of the Albanian Anti-Money Laundering Law with the EU Anti-Money Laundering Directive: Challenges and Perspectives
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    date: 2025-12-01 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: Strategic Choices in Money Laundering: Smurfing, Layering, and Financial Over-Diversification
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    url: /scholar/2025/11/2025-11-23-Research-Strategic-Choices-in-Money-Laundering/
    date: 2025-11-23 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Behaviourist Approach as the Need to Use Methods Based on Recognising Customer Behaviour in Support of the AML/CFT System
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    date: 2025-11-21 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Have Financial Sanctions Lost Their Bite Due to Emerging Alternative Financial Practices in Global Trade?
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    url: /scholar/2025/11/2025-11-10-Research-Have-Financial-Sanctions-Lost-Their-Bite/
    date: 2025-11-10 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Federated Data Governance for AML using Data Warehousing and AI
    path: _scholar/2025/09/2025-09-18-Research-Federated-Data-Governance.md
    url: /scholar/2025/09/2025-09-18-Research-Federated-Data-Governance/
    date: 2025-09-18 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: AMLNet: A Knowledge-Based Multi-Agent Framework
    path: _scholar/2025/09/2025-09-15-Research-AMLNet.md
    url: /scholar/2025/09/2025-09-15-Research-AMLNet/
    date: 2025-09-15 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Multimodal Anti Fraud Education improves Cognitive Emotional and Behavioral Engagement in Older Adults
    path: _scholar/2025/08/2025-08-11-Research-Multimodal-Anti-Fraud-Education.md
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    date: 2025-08-11 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: AI Driven Fraud Detection Models in Financial Networks: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
    path: _scholar/2025/08/2025-08-05-Research-AI-Fraud-Detection-Models.md
    url: /scholar/2025/08/2025-08-05-Research-AI-Fraud-Detection-Models/
    date: 2025-08-05 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Linguistic Mechanisms of Knowledge-Exchange in a Dark-Web Money Laundering Forum
    path: _scholar/2025/08/2025-08-05-Research-Linguistic-Mechanisms-Dark-Web.md
    url: /scholar/2025/08/2025-08-05-Research-Linguistic-Mechanisms-Dark-Web/
    date: 2025-08-05 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Managing the Conflict Between AML and Financial Inclusion
    path: _scholar/2025/07/2025-07-30-Research-AML-Financial-Inclusion.md
    url: /scholar/2025/07/2025-07-30-Research-AML-Financial-Inclusion/
    date: 2025-07-30 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Money Laundering and Related Scams: Trends, Influences, and Research Gaps
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    url: /scholar/2025/07/2025-07-30-Research-Analysis-ML-Related-Scams/
    date: 2025-07-30 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Harmonisation of the Beneficial Ownership Registers in European Union
    path: _scholar/2025/07/2025-07-29-Research-Harmonisation-BO-registers-in-EU.md
    url: /scholar/2025/07/2025-07-29-Research-Harmonisation-BO-registers-in-EU/
    date: 2025-07-29 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Assessing Terrorist Use of Virtual Asset Intermediaries
    path: _scholar/2025/07/2025-07-14-Research-CRAAFT-Terrorist-Use-of-VA-Intermediaries.md
    url: /scholar/2025/07/2025-07-14-Research-CRAAFT-Terrorist-Use-of-VA-Intermediaries/
    date: 2025-07-14 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: The Proposed Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA) and the Future of FIU Collaboration in Europe
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    date: 2025-06-17 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Understanding the term 'Terrorism'
    path: _scholar/2025/06/2025-06-03-Research-Defining-Terrorism.md
    url: /scholar/2025/06/2025-06-03-Research-Defining-Terrorism/
    date: 2025-06-03 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Organized Crime and Banks: Assessing the Effects of Anti-Mafia Police Actions on Lending
    path: _scholar/2025/05/2025-05-30-Research-Working-Paper-Organized-Crime-and-Banks.md
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    date: 2025-05-30 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Benefits from AI in Money Laundering in Europe
    path: _scholar/2025/05/2025-05-28-Research-Benefits-AI-ML.md
    url: /scholar/2025/05/2025-05-28-Research-Benefits-AI-ML/
    date: 2025-05-28 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Virtual Threats: Terrorist Financing via Online Gaming
    path: _scholar/2025/05/2025-05-08-Research-CRAAFT-Virtual-Threats-TF-via-Online-Gaming.md
    url: /scholar/2025/05/2025-05-08-Research-CRAAFT-Virtual-Threats-TF-via-Online-Gaming/
    date: 2025-05-08 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: WeirdFlows: Anomaly Detection in Financial Transaction Flows
    path: _scholar/2025/04/2025-04-01-Research-Anomaly-Detection-in-Financial-Transactions.md
    url: /scholar/2025/04/2025-04-01-Research-Anomaly-Detection-in-Financial-Transactions/
    date: 2025-04-01 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Sensitive Research & Anti-Money Laundering: a Possible Marriage of Convenience?
    path: _scholar/2025/03/2025-03-24-Research-Sensitive-Research-and-AML.md
    url: /scholar/2025/03/2025-03-24-Research-Sensitive-Research-and-AML/
    date: 2025-03-24 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Police Investigations Into Financial-Economic Cybercriminal Networks: The Experiences and Perceptions of Dutch Law Enforcement
    path: _scholar/2025/03/2025-03-20-Research-Police-Investigations-Cybercriminal-Networks.md
    url: /scholar/2025/03/2025-03-20-Research-Police-Investigations-Cybercriminal-Networks/
    date: 2025-03-20 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: The Ghost in the Machine: Counterterrorism in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
    path: _scholar/2025/03/2025-03-06-Research-CT-in-the-Age-of-AI.md
    url: /scholar/2025/03/2025-03-06-Research-CT-in-the-Age-of-AI/
    date: 2025-03-06 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Which Money to Follow? Evaluating Country-Specific Vulnerabilities to Illicit Financial Flows
    path: _scholar/2025/03/2025-03-05-Research-Evaluating-Country-Specific-Vulnerabilities.md
    url: /scholar/2025/03/2025-03-05-Research-Evaluating-Country-Specific-Vulnerabilities/
    date: 2025-03-05 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: Combating Financial Crimes: How are Crypto-Asset Providers navigating Regulatory Challenges?
    path: _scholar/2025/02/2025-02-26-Research-Combating-Financial-Crimes-CASPs.md
    url: /scholar/2025/02/2025-02-26-Research-Combating-Financial-Crimes-CASPs/
    date: 2025-02-26 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Digital Money Laundering – Threats and EU Regulatory Reform
    path: _scholar/2025/02/2025-02-18-Research-Working-Paper-Digital-ML.md
    url: /scholar/2025/02/2025-02-18-Research-Working-Paper-Digital-ML/
    date: 2025-02-18 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: The Shadow of the Financial Crisis: Socio‑Economic and Welfare Policy Development and Fear of Crime in Europe. A Random Effects Within‑Between Model Analysis of the European Social Survey, 2002–2018
    path: _scholar/2025/02/2025-02-05-Research-Shadow-of-Financial-Crisis.md
    url: /scholar/2025/02/2025-02-05-Research-Shadow-of-Financial-Crisis/
    date: 2025-02-05 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: The New EU Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism: A Paradigm Shift in EU Efforts to Combat Terrorist Financing?
    path: _scholar/2025/02/2025-02-04-Research-The-New-EU-Authority-for-AML-and-CFT.md
    url: /scholar/2025/02/2025-02-04-Research-The-New-EU-Authority-for-AML-and-CFT/
    date: 2025-02-04 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: An Anti-Money Laundering Authority for the European Union: a New Center of Gravity in AML Enforcement
    path: _scholar/2025/01/2025-01-31-Research-An-Anti-ML-Authority-for-the-EU.md
    url: /scholar/2025/01/2025-01-31-Research-An-Anti-ML-Authority-for-the-EU/
    date: 2025-01-31 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: A European Anti-Money Laundering Supervisory Authority: Perspectives and Challenges
    path: _scholar/2025/01/2025-01-21-Research-AMLA-Perspectives-and-Challenges.md
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    date: 2025-01-21 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: Examining Fifty Cases of Convicted Online Romance Fraud Offenders
    path: _scholar/2024/12/2024-12-04-Research-Online-Romance-Fraud-Offenders.md
    url: /scholar/2024/12/2024-12-04-Research-Online-Romance-Fraud-Offenders/
    date: 2024-12-04 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: The European Public Prosecutor’s Office and Environmental Crime ¦ Further Competence in the Near Future?
    path: _scholar/2024/11/2024-11-27-Research-EPPO-and-Environmental-Crime.md
    url: /scholar/2024/11/2024-11-27-Research-EPPO-and-Environmental-Crime/
    date: 2024-11-27 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: Identifying Money Laundering Risk Indicators: Evidence from Bulgaria
    path: _scholar/2024/10/2024-10-25-Research-Identifying-ML-Risk-Indicators.md
    url: /scholar/2024/10/2024-10-25-Research-Identifying-ML-Risk-Indicators/
    date: 2024-10-25 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: ERA Forum ¦ An Anti-Money Laundering Authority for the European Union: A New Center of Gravity in AML Enforcement
    path: _scholar/2024/09/2024-09-30-Research-An-AML-Authority-for-the-EU.md
    url: /scholar/2024/09/2024-09-30-Research-An-AML-Authority-for-the-EU/
    date: 2024-09-30 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: How do Ivorian Cyberfraudsters Manage Their Criminal Proceeds?
    path: _scholar/2024/09/2024-09-24-Research-Ivorian-Cyberfraudsters-Manage-Criminal-Proceeds.md
    url: /scholar/2024/09/2024-09-24-Research-Ivorian-Cyberfraudsters-Manage-Criminal-Proceeds/
    date: 2024-09-24 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: Assessing the Impact of Sanctions in the Crypto Ecosystem: Effective Measures or Ineffective Deterrents?
    path: _scholar/2024/09/2024-09-16-Research-Impact-of-Sanctions-in-Crypto.md
    url: /scholar/2024/09/2024-09-16-Research-Impact-of-Sanctions-in-Crypto/
    date: 2024-09-16 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: Using Technological Innovations to Prevent and Combat Economic Crime
    path: _scholar/2024/09/2024-09-01-Research-Using-Technological-Innovations.md
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    date: 2024-09-01 00:00:00 +0200
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    - title: A Risk-Based AML Framework: Finding Associates Through Ultimate Beneficial Owners
    path: _scholar/2024/07/2024-07-30-Research-A-Risk-Based-AML-Framework.md
    url: /scholar/2024/07/2024-07-30-Research-A-Risk-Based-AML-Framework/
    date: 2024-07-30 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: Financial Extremism: The Dark Side of Crowdfunding and Terrorism
    path: _scholar/2024/07/2024-07-17-Research-Crowdfunding-and-Terrorism.md
    url: /scholar/2024/07/2024-07-17-Research-Crowdfunding-and-Terrorism/
    date: 2024-07-17 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: Lawyers as Money Laundering Enablers? An Evolving and Contentious Relationship
    path: _scholar/2022/07/2022-07-22-Research-Lawyers-as-ML-Enablers.md
    url: /scholar/2022/07/2022-07-22-Research-Lawyers-as-ML-Enablers/
    date: 2022-07-22 00:00:00 +0200
    featured: false
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    - title: Anti-money laundering: The World's Least Effective Policy Experiment? Together, we can fix it
    path: _scholar/2020/02/2020-02-25-Research-AML-least-effective-policy-experiment.md
    url: /scholar/2020/02/2020-02-25-Research-AML-least-effective-policy-experiment/
    date: 2020-02-25 00:00:00 +0200
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</div>

<!-- Research Intro -->


<!-- Featured and Sorted
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<section class="row">
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                    <!-- begin post -->

<div class="card">
    <a href="https://financialcrime.lu/scholar/2026/04/2026-04-07-Research-Recurrence-Scale-and-Risk-Based-Monitoring-in-ML/index.html">
         <img class="rounded mb-4" src="/assets/images/posts/pexels-andrey-grushnikov-223358-707676_1024_1.webp" alt="Recurrence, Scale, and Risk-Based Monitoring in Money Laundering: Temporal Displacement under Cumulative Enforcement"> 
    </a>
    <div class="card-block">
        <h2 class="card-title h4 serif-font"><a href="https://financialcrime.lu/scholar/2026/04/2026-04-07-Research-Recurrence-Scale-and-Risk-Based-Monitoring-in-ML/index.html">Recurrence, Scale, and Risk-Based Monitoring in Money Laundering: Temporal Displacement under Cumulative Enforcement</a></h2>
        <p class="card-text text-muted">How AML reshapes the timing of laundering Modern anti-money laundering (AML) practice evaluates transactions in...</p>
        <!-- <p class="card-text text-muted">How AML reshapes the timing of laundering Modern anti-money laundering (AML) practice evaluates transactions in...</p> -->
        <!-- <p class="card-text text-muted">How AML reshapes the timing of laundering Modern anti-money laundering (AML) practice evaluates transactions in...</p> -->
        <div class="metafooter">
            <div class="wrapfooter small d-flex align-items-center">
                <span class="author-meta">
                By  <span class="post-name" style="white-space:nowrap;"> Bastian Schwind-Wagner, </span>
                on <span class="post-date" style="white-space:nowrap;">07 Apr 2026</span>
                </span>               
                <div class="clearfix"></div>
            </div>
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            </div>
            
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                    <!-- begin post -->

<div class="card">
    <a href="https://financialcrime.lu/scholar/2026/04/2026-04-07-Research-Open-Ownership-Research-Symposium-Synthesis-Report/index.html">
         <img class="rounded mb-4" src="/assets/images/posts/pexels-jakubzerdzicki-28914932_1024.webp" alt="Open Ownership ¦ Research Symposium Synthesis Report: Evidence and Impact of Beneficial Ownership Transparency"> 
    </a>
    <div class="card-block">
        <h2 class="card-title h4 serif-font"><a href="https://financialcrime.lu/scholar/2026/04/2026-04-07-Research-Open-Ownership-Research-Symposium-Synthesis-Report/index.html">Open Ownership ¦ Research Symposium Synthesis Report: Evidence and Impact of Beneficial Ownership Transparency</a></h2>
        <p class="card-text text-muted">Beneficial ownership transparency is moving beyond AML – and the evidence is catching up Beneficial...</p>
        <!-- <p class="card-text text-muted">Beneficial ownership transparency is moving beyond AML – and the evidence is catching up Beneficial...</p> -->
        <!-- <p class="card-text text-muted">Beneficial ownership transparency is moving beyond AML – and the evidence is catching up Beneficial...</p> -->
        <div class="metafooter">
            <div class="wrapfooter small d-flex align-items-center">
                <span class="author-meta">
                By  <span class="post-name" style="white-space:nowrap;"> Bastian Schwind-Wagner, </span>
                on <span class="post-date" style="white-space:nowrap;">07 Apr 2026</span>
                </span>               
                <div class="clearfix"></div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
<!-- end post -->

            </div>
            
            <div class="col-md-6 mb-5">
                    <!-- begin post -->

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